Pl Sql < iPad >

EXCEPTION WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate record skipped'); WHEN OTHERS THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Unknown error: ' || SQLERRM); Packages bundle related procedures, functions, and variables. They maintain state across sessions (using package variables) and offer true encapsulation. 6. Native Compilation PL/SQL can be compiled to native machine code (C), not just bytecode. For CPU-intensive loops, this delivers C-like performance. Where PL/SQL Dominates | Industry | Typical Use | |----------|--------------| | Banking | Nightly batch reconciliation, fraud detection rules | | Airlines | Booking engines, loyalty point calculations | | Insurance | Premium calculations, claims processing | | Retail | Inventory management, sales tax computation | | Healthcare | Claims adjudication, HIPAA-compliant data logic |

A little-known fact: because moving the logic to the database is faster than streaming millions of rows to the app server. A Simple PL/SQL Program to Get You Started SET SERVEROUTPUT ON; DECLARE v_name VARCHAR2(50); v_salary NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name, salary INTO v_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 101; pl sql

BEGIN FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM sales WHERE status = 'PENDING') LOOP UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + rec.commission WHERE account_id = rec.acct_id; INSERT INTO audit_log (sale_id, action) VALUES (rec.sale_id, 'COMMISSION_PAID'); END LOOP; COMMIT; END; EXCEPTION WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN DBMS_OUTPUT

SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE id = 101; No special drivers, no string concatenation nightmares. For massive data, PL/SQL shines with bulk operations: Native Compilation PL/SQL can be compiled to native

Here’s why this 30-year-old language is not only surviving but thriving. PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) is Oracle Corporation’s proprietary procedural extension to standard SQL. Think of it as the glue that binds SQL’s set-based power with traditional procedural logic.